include/boost/corosio/native/detail/epoll/epoll_scheduler.hpp

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epoll_scheduler.hpp

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1		//
2		// Copyright (c) 2026 Steve Gerbino
3		// Copyright (c) 2026 Michael Vandeberg
4		//
5		// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
6		// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
7		//
8		// Official repository: https://github.com/cppalliance/corosio
9		//
10
11		#ifndef BOOST_COROSIO_NATIVE_DETAIL_EPOLL_EPOLL_SCHEDULER_HPP
12		#define BOOST_COROSIO_NATIVE_DETAIL_EPOLL_EPOLL_SCHEDULER_HPP
13
14		#include <boost/corosio/detail/platform.hpp>
15
16		#if BOOST_COROSIO_HAS_EPOLL
17
18		#include <boost/corosio/detail/config.hpp>
19		#include <boost/capy/ex/execution_context.hpp>
20
21		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/reactor/reactor_scheduler.hpp>
22		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/reactor/reactor_signal_pipe.hpp>
23
24		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/epoll/epoll_traits.hpp>
25		#include <boost/corosio/detail/timer_service.hpp>
26		#include <boost/corosio/native/detail/make_err.hpp>
27
28		#include <boost/corosio/detail/except.hpp>
29
30		#include <atomic>
31		#include <chrono>
32		#include <cstdint>
33		#include <mutex>
34		#include <vector>
35
36		#include <errno.h>
37		#include <sys/epoll.h>
38		#include <sys/eventfd.h>
39		#include <sys/timerfd.h>
40		#include <unistd.h>
41
42		namespace boost::corosio::detail {
43
44		/** Linux scheduler using epoll for I/O multiplexing.
45
46		This scheduler implements the scheduler interface using Linux epoll
47		for efficient I/O event notification. It uses a single reactor model
48		where one thread runs epoll_wait while other threads
49		wait on a condition variable for handler work. This design provides:
50
51		- Handler parallelism: N posted handlers can execute on N threads
52		- No thundering herd: condition_variable wakes exactly one thread
53		- IOCP parity: Behavior matches Windows I/O completion port semantics
54
55		When threads call run(), they first try to execute queued handlers.
56		If the queue is empty and no reactor is running, one thread becomes
57		the reactor and runs epoll_wait. Other threads wait on a condition
58		variable until handlers are available.
59
60		@par Thread Safety
61		All public member functions are thread-safe.
62		*/
63		class BOOST_COROSIO_DECL epoll_scheduler final : public reactor_scheduler
64		{
65		public:
66		/** Construct the scheduler.
67
68		Creates an epoll instance, eventfd for reactor interruption,
69		and timerfd for kernel-managed timer expiry.
70
71		@param ctx Reference to the owning execution_context.
72		@param concurrency_hint Hint for expected thread count (unused).
73		*/
74		epoll_scheduler(capy::execution_context& ctx, int concurrency_hint = -1);
75
76		/// Destroy the scheduler.
77		~epoll_scheduler() override;
78
79		epoll_scheduler(epoll_scheduler const&) = delete;
80		epoll_scheduler& operator=(epoll_scheduler const&) = delete;
81
82		/// Shut down the scheduler, draining pending operations.
83		void shutdown() override;
84
85		/// Apply runtime configuration, resizing the event buffer.
86		void configure_reactor(
87		unsigned max_events,
88		unsigned budget_init,
89		unsigned budget_max,
90		unsigned unassisted) override;
91
92		/** Return the epoll file descriptor.
93
94		Used by socket services to register file descriptors
95		for I/O event notification.
96
97		@return The epoll file descriptor.
98		*/
99		int epoll_fd() const noexcept
100		{
101		return epoll_fd_;
102		}
103
104		/** Register a descriptor for persistent monitoring.
105
106		The fd is registered once and stays registered until explicitly
107		deregistered. Events are dispatched via reactor_descriptor_state which
108		tracks pending read/write/connect operations.
109
110		@param fd The file descriptor to register.
111		@param desc Pointer to descriptor data (stored in epoll_event.data.ptr).
112
113		@return The error if registration fails, otherwise a default
114		constructed error code.
115		*/
116		std::error_code
117		register_descriptor(int fd, reactor_descriptor_state* desc) const;
118
119		/** Deregister a persistently registered descriptor.
120
121		@param fd The file descriptor to deregister.
122		*/
123		void deregister_descriptor(int fd) const;
124
125		/// Watch the read end of the POSIX signal self-pipe (see scheduler.hpp).
126	76x	[[nodiscard]] std::error_code register_signal_reader(int read_fd) override
127		{
128	76x	return register_descriptor(read_fd, signal_pipe_reader_.arm());
129		}
130
131		private:
132		void run_task(lock_type& lock, context_type& ctx, long timeout_us) override;
133		void interrupt_reactor() const override;
134		void update_timerfd() const;
135
136		int epoll_fd_;
137		int event_fd_;
138		int timer_fd_;
139
140		// Watches the global signal self-pipe's read end (armed lazily by
141		// register_signal_reader on the first signal registration).
142		reactor_signal_pipe_reader signal_pipe_reader_;
143
144		// Edge-triggered eventfd state
145		mutable std::atomic<bool> eventfd_armed_{false};
146
147		// Set when the earliest timer changes; flushed before epoll_wait
148		mutable std::atomic<bool> timerfd_stale_{false};
149
150		// Event buffer sized from max_events_per_poll_ (set at construction,
151		// resized by configure_reactor via io_context_options).
152		std::vector<epoll_event> event_buffer_;
153		};
154
155	1305x	inline epoll_scheduler::epoll_scheduler(capy::execution_context& ctx, int)
156	1305x	: epoll_fd_(-1)
157	1305x	, event_fd_(-1)
158	1305x	, timer_fd_(-1)
159	2610x	, event_buffer_(max_events_per_poll_)
160		{
161	1305x	epoll_fd_ = ::epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
162	1305x	if (epoll_fd_ < 0)
163	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errno), "epoll_create1");
164
165	1304x	event_fd_ = ::eventfd(0, EFD_NONBLOCK \| EFD_CLOEXEC);
166	1304x	if (event_fd_ < 0)
167		{
168	1x	int errn = errno;
169	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
170	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "eventfd");
171		}
172
173	1303x	timer_fd_ = ::timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TFD_NONBLOCK \| TFD_CLOEXEC);
174	1303x	if (timer_fd_ < 0)
175		{
176	1x	int errn = errno;
177	1x	::close(event_fd_);
178	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
179	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "timerfd_create");
180		}
181
182	1302x	epoll_event ev{};
183	1302x	ev.events = EPOLLIN \| EPOLLET;
184	1302x	ev.data.ptr = nullptr;
185	1302x	if (::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, event_fd_, &ev) < 0)
186		{
187	1x	int errn = errno;
188	1x	::close(timer_fd_);
189	1x	::close(event_fd_);
190	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
191	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "epoll_ctl");
192		}
193
194	1301x	epoll_event timer_ev{};
195	1301x	timer_ev.events = EPOLLIN \| EPOLLERR;
196	1301x	timer_ev.data.ptr = &timer_fd_;
197	1301x	if (::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, timer_fd_, &timer_ev) < 0)
198		{
199	1x	int errn = errno;
200	1x	::close(timer_fd_);
201	1x	::close(event_fd_);
202	1x	::close(epoll_fd_);
203	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errn), "epoll_ctl (timerfd)");
204		}
205
206	1300x	timer_svc_ = &get_timer_service(ctx, *this);
207	1300x	timer_svc_->set_on_earliest_changed(
208	5360x	timer_service::callback(this, [](void* p) {
209	4060x	auto* self = static_cast<epoll_scheduler*>(p);
210	4060x	self->timerfd_stale_.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
211	4060x	self->interrupt_reactor();
212	4060x	}));
213
214	1300x	completed_ops_.push(&task_op_);
215	1315x	}
216
217	2600x	inline epoll_scheduler::~epoll_scheduler()
218		{
219	1300x	if (timer_fd_ >= 0)
220	1300x	::close(timer_fd_);
221	1300x	if (event_fd_ >= 0)
222	1300x	::close(event_fd_);
223	1300x	if (epoll_fd_ >= 0)
224	1300x	::close(epoll_fd_);
225	2600x	}
226
227		inline void
228	1300x	epoll_scheduler::shutdown()
229		{
230	1300x	shutdown_drain();
231
232	1300x	if (event_fd_ >= 0)
233	1300x	interrupt_reactor();
234	1300x	}
235
236		inline void
237	27x	epoll_scheduler::configure_reactor(
238		unsigned max_events,
239		unsigned budget_init,
240		unsigned budget_max,
241		unsigned unassisted)
242		{
243	27x	reactor_scheduler::configure_reactor(
244		max_events, budget_init, budget_max, unassisted);
245	25x	event_buffer_.resize(max_events_per_poll_);
246	25x	}
247
248		inline std::error_code
249	5715x	epoll_scheduler::register_descriptor(
250		int fd, reactor_descriptor_state* desc) const
251		{
252	5715x	epoll_event ev{};
253	5715x	ev.events = EPOLLIN \| EPOLLOUT \| EPOLLET \| EPOLLERR \| EPOLLHUP;
254	5715x	ev.data.ptr = desc;
255
256	5715x	if (::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) < 0)
257	7x	return make_err(errno);
258
259	5708x	desc->registered_events = ev.events;
260	5708x	desc->fd = fd;
261	5708x	desc->scheduler_ = this;
262	5708x	desc->mutex.set_enabled(reactor_io_locking_);
263	5708x	desc->ready_events_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
264
265	5708x	conditionally_enabled_mutex::scoped_lock lock(desc->mutex);
266	5708x	desc->impl_ref_.reset();
267	5708x	desc->read_ready = false;
268	5708x	desc->write_ready = false;
269	5708x	return {};
270	5708x	}
271
272		inline void
273	5633x	epoll_scheduler::deregister_descriptor(int fd) const
274		{
275	5633x	::epoll_ctl(epoll_fd_, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, nullptr);
276	5633x	}
277
278		inline void
279	7449x	epoll_scheduler::interrupt_reactor() const
280		{
281	7449x	bool expected = false;
282	7449x	if (eventfd_armed_.compare_exchange_strong(
283		expected, true, std::memory_order_release,
284		std::memory_order_relaxed))
285		{
286	6149x	std::uint64_t val = 1;
287	6149x	if (::write(event_fd_, &val, sizeof(val)) < 0)
288		{
289		// The flag is what coalesces later interrupts into a byte
290		// already in the eventfd; a write that failed put no byte
291		// there, so leaving it armed would swallow every interrupt
292		// that follows. Disarming keeps the cost to the interrupts
293		// already in flight -- the next one arms and writes again,
294		// instead of every one after this coalescing into a byte
295		// that does not exist.
296	2x	eventfd_armed_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
297		}
298		}
299	7449x	}
300
301		inline void
302	10737x	epoll_scheduler::update_timerfd() const
303		{
304	10737x	auto nearest = timer_svc_->nearest_expiry();
305
306	10737x	itimerspec ts{};
307	10737x	int flags = 0;
308
309	10737x	if (nearest == timer_service::time_point::max())
310		{
311		// No timers — disarm by setting to 0 (relative)
312		}
313		else
314		{
315	9549x	auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
316	9549x	if (nearest <= now)
317		{
318		// Use 1ns instead of 0 — zero disarms the timerfd
319	1520x	ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 1;
320		}
321		else
322		{
323	8029x	auto nsec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
324	8029x	nearest - now)
325	8029x	.count();
326	8029x	ts.it_value.tv_sec = nsec / 1000000000;
327	8029x	ts.it_value.tv_nsec = nsec % 1000000000;
328	8029x	if (ts.it_value.tv_sec == 0 && ts.it_value.tv_nsec == 0)
329	✗	ts.it_value.tv_nsec = 1;
330		}
331		}
332
333	10737x	if (::timerfd_settime(timer_fd_, flags, &ts, nullptr) < 0)
334	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errno), "timerfd_settime");
335	10736x	}
336
337		inline void
338	40908x	epoll_scheduler::run_task(lock_type& lock, context_type& ctx, long timeout_us)
339		{
340		int timeout_ms;
341	40908x	if (task_interrupted_)
342	29624x	timeout_ms = 0;
343	11284x	else if (timeout_us < 0)
344	10925x	timeout_ms = -1;
345		else
346	359x	timeout_ms = static_cast<int>((timeout_us + 999) / 1000);
347
348	40908x	if (lock.owns_lock())
349	11286x	lock.unlock();
350
351	40908x	task_cleanup on_exit{this, &lock, ctx};
352
353		// Flush deferred timerfd programming before blocking
354	40908x	if (timerfd_stale_.exchange(false, std::memory_order_acquire))
355	3649x	update_timerfd();
356
357	40907x	int nfds = ::epoll_wait(
358	40907x	epoll_fd_, event_buffer_.data(), static_cast<int>(event_buffer_.size()),
359		timeout_ms);
360
361	40907x	if (nfds < 0 && errno != EINTR)
362	1x	detail::throw_system_error(make_err(errno), "epoll_wait");
363
364	40906x	bool check_timers = false;
365	40906x	ready_queue local_ops;
366
367	90310x	for (int i = 0; i < nfds; ++i)
368		{
369	49404x	if (event_buffer_[i].data.ptr == nullptr)
370		{
371		std::uint64_t val;
372		// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-unix.BlockInCriticalSection)
373	4847x	[[maybe_unused]] auto r = ::read(event_fd_, &val, sizeof(val));
374	4847x	eventfd_armed_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
375	4847x	continue;
376	4847x	}
377
378	44557x	if (event_buffer_[i].data.ptr == &timer_fd_)
379		{
380		std::uint64_t expirations;
381		// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-unix.BlockInCriticalSection)
382		[[maybe_unused]] auto r =
383	7088x	::read(timer_fd_, &expirations, sizeof(expirations));
384	7088x	check_timers = true;
385	7088x	continue;
386	7088x	}
387
388		auto* desc =
389	37469x	static_cast<reactor_descriptor_state*>(event_buffer_[i].data.ptr);
390	37469x	desc->add_ready_events(event_buffer_[i].events);
391
392	37469x	bool expected = false;
393	37469x	if (desc->is_enqueued_.compare_exchange_strong(
394		expected, true, std::memory_order_release,
395		std::memory_order_relaxed))
396		{
397	37469x	local_ops.push(desc);
398		}
399		}
400
401	40906x	if (check_timers)
402		{
403	7088x	timer_svc_->process_expired();
404	7088x	update_timerfd();
405		}
406
407	40906x	lock.lock();
408
409	40906x	completed_ops_.splice(local_ops);
410	40908x	}
411
412		} // namespace boost::corosio::detail
413
414		#endif // BOOST_COROSIO_HAS_EPOLL
415
416		#endif // BOOST_COROSIO_NATIVE_DETAIL_EPOLL_EPOLL_SCHEDULER_HPP
417